-
1 McNaught, William
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 27 May 1813 Sneddon, Paisley, Scotlandd. 8 January 1881 Manchester, England[br]Scottish patentee of a very successful form of compounding beam engine with a high-pressure cylinder between the fulcrum of the beam and the connecting rod.[br]Although born in Paisley, McNaught was educated in Glasgow where his parents had moved in 1820. He followed in his father's footsteps and became an engineer through an apprenticeship with Robert Napier at the Vulcan Works, Washington Street, Glasgow. He also attended science classes at the Andersonian University in the evenings and showed such competence that at the age of 19 he was offered the position of being in charge of the Fort-Gloster Mills on the Hoogly river in India. He remained there for four years until 1836, when he returned to Scotland because the climate was affecting his health.His father had added the revolving cylinder to the steam engine indicator, and this greatly simplified and extended its use. In 1838 William joined him in the business of manufacturing these indicators at Robertson Street, Glasgow. While advising textile manufacturers on the use of the indicator, he realized the need for more powerful, smoother-running and economical steam engines. He provided the answer by placing a high-pressure cylinder midway between the fulcrum of the beam and the connecting rod on an ordinary beam engine. The original cylinder was retained to act as the low-pressure cylinder of what became a compound engine. This layout not only reduced the pressures on the bearing surfaces and gave a smoother-running engine, which was one of McNaught's aims, but he probably did not anticipate just how much more economical his engines would be; they often gave a saving of fuel up to 40 per cent. This was because the steam pipe connecting the two cylinders acted as a receiver, something lacking in the Woolf compound, which enabled the steam to be expanded properly in both cylinders. McNaught took out his patent in 1845, and in 1849 he had to move to Manchester because his orders in Lancashire were so numerous and the scope was much greater there than in Glasgow. He took out further patents for equalizing the stress on the working parts, but none was as important as his original one, which was claimed to have been one of the greatest improvements since the steam engine left the hands of James Watt. He was one of the original promoters of the Boiler Insurance and Steam Power Company and was elected Chairman in 1865, a position he retained until a short time before his death.[br]Bibliography1845, British patent no. 11,001 (compounding beam engine).Further ReadingObituary, Engineer 51.Obituary, Engineering 31.R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (the fullest account of McNaught's proposals for compounding).RLH -
2 Steam and internal combustion engines
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Giffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesHamilton, Harold LeePorta, Giovanni Battista dellaBiographical history of technology > Steam and internal combustion engines
См. также в других словарях:
McNaught — or MacNaught may refer to: 3173 McNaught, an asteroid discovered in 1981 Numerous comets discovered by Robert H. McNaught Comet McNaught Russell, a comet 130P/McNaught Hughes, a comet McNaught Syndicate, American newspaper syndicate founded 1922… … Wikipedia
William Kirkpatrick McNaught — (September 6 1845 ndash; 1919) was an Ontario manufacturer and political figure. He represented Toronto North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1906 to 1914 as a Conservative member.He was born in Fergus, Canada West, the son of John… … Wikipedia
McNaught (disambiguation) — McNaught may refer to:*3173 McNaught, an asteroid *Anita McNaught, British New Zealand journalist and TV presenter *Brian McNaught, lecturer and author *Erin McNaught, the 2006 Miss Australia *Ian McNaught Davis, BBC TV presenter *James McNaught … Wikipedia
William Lamberton — Obispo de St. Andrews Consagración episcopal 1 de junio de 1298, Roma Fallecimiento 20 de mayo de 1328 William de Lamberton, algunas veces modernizado como William Lamberton, (fallecido el 20 de mayo de 1328) fue Obispo de St Andrews … Wikipedia Español
William Irvine (Scottish evangelist) — William Irvine (1863 1947) was a Scottish Presbyterian evangelist. Irvine was born in Kilsyth, located in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, the third of eleven children of a miner. He was educated at Kilsyth Academy and worked as a quarry master… … Wikipedia
William Ferguson (Manitoba politician) — William Ferguson was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1899 to 1903 and from 1907 to 1914, as a member of the Conservative Party.Ferguson was a farmer, and lived in Hamiota during his… … Wikipedia
William de Lamberton — Siegel von Bischof William de Lamberton. William de Lamberton (manchmal modernisiert auch: William Lamberton) († 20. Mai 1328) war von 1297 bis zu seinem Tod Bischof von St Andrews. Lamberton spielt eine einflussreiche Rolle im Schottischen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
William de Lamberton — infobox bishopbiog name = William Lamberton religion=Roman Catholic Church See = Diocese of St. Andrews Title = Bishop of St. Andrews Period = 1297–1328 consecration = 1 June 1298, in Rome Predecessor = William Fraser Successor = James Bane post … Wikipedia
Willie McNaught — Football player infobox playername= Willie McNaught fullname = William McNaught nickname = dateofbirth = birth date|1922|5|7|df=y cityofbirth = Dumfries countryofbirth = Scotland dateofdeath = cityofdeath = countryofdeath = height = 5 ft 10 in… … Wikipedia
Lance McNaught — Lance K. McNaught Lance Cade en 2007. Nom(s) de ring Lance Cade (OVW/WWE) Garrison Cade (WWE) Taille 1,95 m Poids 124 kg Naissance … Wikipédia en Français
Kenneth McNaught — Kenneth William McNaught (1918 ndash;June 2 1997) was a Canadian historian. He is known for his 1959 biography of Co operative Commonwealth Federation founder J. S. Woodsworth, A Prophet in Politics and 1982 The Pelican History of Canada .Born in … Wikipedia